- 花卉博物馆(第二版)
- 王意成编著
- 2019字
- 2024-11-02 19:10:26
兰花
Cymbidium spp.
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〔别称〕中国兰、国兰。
〔科属〕兰科兰属。
〔原产地〕中国。
〔适生地〕长江流域和西南地区。
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花卉百科
识别
形态:多年生宿根草本。
花:单生,少有两朵或排列成顶生总状花序,有清香。
花期:春兰 3 月中下旬;蕙兰 4~5 月;建兰花期分 2 次,第 1 次 7 月下旬~8 月上旬,第2 次 9 月;寒兰、墨兰 10 月~下一年 1 月。
叶:茎生叶丛生,狭长,革质,3~8 片,直立或稍作弧状弯曲。
养护
习性:喜温暖和湿润的环境。冬季进入休眠期,春夏季进入生长期。
土壤:宜肥沃、疏松和排水良好的微酸性壤土。
浇水/光照:春季进入盛花期,2~3 天浇水1 次,盆土湿润即可,可多喷雾,注意通风。夏季气温超过 18℃放在室外养护,避免阳光直晒,放在遮阴处,每天浇水 1 次,高温时可多向叶面喷水。秋季气温下降到 15℃前搬进室内养护,2~3 天浇水 1 次,最好不要晚间浇水。冬季将盆栽搬回室内温暖处,控制室温于 12~15℃,即可开花。
繁殖:春秋季均结合换盆进行分株,一般2~3 年分株 1 次。
用途
食:兰花香气清冽、醇正,多用于茶,可用来熏茶,还可做汤。
药:兰花根、叶、花均可入药,其性平,味辛、甘,无毒,有养阴润肺、利水渗湿、清热解毒等功效。
布置:宜作盆栽观赏。与盆、篮等容器组成艺术装饰品,摆放于书斋,使整个雅室更添诗情画意。
赠:兰花适合送给知己朋友,表示意气相投;也适合送给德高望重的长辈,表示敬意;还适合送给品行高尚、有君子风范的人。
“花中四君子”与“花草四雅”
花中四君子:明代黄凤池《梅竹兰菊四谱》中,以梅、兰、竹、菊谓之“花中四君子”,其品质分别为傲、幽、淡、逸。其中,梅是经霜傲雪的高洁志士,兰是深谷幽香的世上贤达,竹是清雅淡泊的谦谦君子,菊是凌霜飘逸的世外隐士。
花草四雅:清代苏灵《盆景偶录》中,以兰、菊、水仙、菖蒲谓之“花草四雅”。其中,兰以清香淡雅居首位,菊以艳丽脱俗居次位,水仙以纯白如玉位居第三,菖蒲以端庄秀丽位居第四。
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(春兰)小雪兰
Cymbidium tortisepalum ‘Xiaoxuelan’
素心花3~4cm
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(春兰)宋梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Songmei’
梅瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)桂圆梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Guiyuanmei’
梅瓣花3~4cm
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(春兰)余蝴蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Yuhudie’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(春兰)华英
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Huaying’
色花4~5cm
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(春兰)贺神梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Heshenmei’
梅瓣花3~4cm
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(春兰)洋水仙
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Yangshuixian’
水仙瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)金砂梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Jinshamei’
梅瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)上品圆梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Shangpinyuanmei’
梅瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)蔡仙素
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Caixiansu’
素心花4~5cm
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(春兰)锦绣中华
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Jinxiuzhonghua’
蝶瓣花5~7cm
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(春兰)大花蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Dahuadie’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(春兰)彩虹蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Caihongdie’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(春兰)龙字
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Longzi’
水仙瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)蕊蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Ruidie’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(春兰)神州之花
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Shenzhouzhihua’
色花5~6cm
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(春兰)新种水仙
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Xinzhongshuixian’
水仙瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)大富贵
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Dafugui’
荷瓣花3~4cm
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(春兰)锦绣如画
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Jinxiuruhua’
蝶瓣花5~5.5cm
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(春兰)大熊猫
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Daxiongmao’
蝶瓣花4.5~5.5cm
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(春兰)方字
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Fangzi’
水仙瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)舞蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Wudie’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(春兰)蝉翼荷
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Chanyihe’
荷瓣花3~4.5cm
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(春兰)翠盖荷
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Cuigaihe’
荷瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)绿云
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Lüyun’
荷瓣花3~4cm
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(春兰)瑶琳胭脂
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Yaolinyanzhi’
色花4~5cm
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(春兰)环球荷鼎
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Huanqiuheding’
荷瓣花3~4cm
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(春兰)豆瓣朱金花
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Doubanzhujinhua’
色花4~5cm
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(春兰)白雪公主
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Baixuegongzhu’
素心花3~4cm
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(春兰)剑阳蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Jianyangdie’
蝶瓣花4~4.5cm
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(春兰)西蜀道光
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Xishudaoguang’
素心花3~4.5cm
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(春兰)宝岛李
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Baodaoli’
素心花4~5.5cm
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(春兰)黄金海香
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Huangjinhaixiang’
色花5~5.5cm
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(春兰)麒麟牡丹
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Qilinmudan’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(春兰)江东仙子
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Jiangdongxianzi’
水仙瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)皖鼎梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Wandingmei’
梅瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)黄金海岸
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Huangjinhaian’
蝶瓣花5~5.5cm
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(春兰)碧瑶二代
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Biyaoerdai’
蝶瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)牧雨素
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Muyusu’
素心花5~5.5cm
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(春兰)红跃梅
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Hongyuemei’
梅瓣花4~4.5cm
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(春兰)明月
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Mingyue’
水仙瓣花4~5cm
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(春兰)五星蝶
Cymbidium goeringii ‘Wuxingdie’
蝶瓣花5~5.5cm
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(建兰)春华
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Chunhua’
彩心花4~5cm
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(建兰)金荷
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Jinhe’
彩心花3~4cm
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(建兰)金嘴红霞
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Jinzuihongxia’
彩心花5~6cm
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(建兰)雪鹤
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Xuehe’
彩心花5~6cm
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(建兰)大陶素
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Dataosu’
素心花5~6cm
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(建兰)大叶白
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Dayebai’
彩心花4~5cm
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(建兰)赤金素
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Chijinsu’
素心花5~6cm
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(建兰)红舌兰
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Hongshelan’
彩心花5~6cm
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(建兰)阔叶仁化白
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Kuoyerenhuabai’
素心花5~6cm
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(建兰)飞捧蝶
Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Feipengdie’
彩心花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)绿花送春素
Cymbidium faberi‘Lühuasongchunsu’
送春型5~6cm
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(蕙兰)聚花素
Cymbidium faberi ‘Juhuasu’
素心花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)三星蝶
Cymbidium faberi‘Sanxingdie’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)红秆黄花
Cymbidium faberi ‘Hongganhuanghua’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)解佩素
Cymbidium faberi ‘Jiepeisu’
梅瓣花4~5cm
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(蕙兰)老极品
Cymbidium faberi ‘Laojipin’
梅瓣花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)蕙蝶
Cymbidium faberi ‘Huidie’
素心花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)元字
Cymbidium faberi ‘Yuanzi’
水仙瓣花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)叠翠
Cymbidium faberi ‘Diecui’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)江南新极品
Cymbidium faberi ‘Jiangnanxinjipin’
梅瓣花4~5cm
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(蕙兰)溢翠蝶
Cymbidium faberi ‘Yicuidie’
蝶瓣花4~5cm
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(蕙兰)秦巴风彩云蕙
Cymbidium faberi ‘Qinbafengcaiyunhui’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(蕙兰)红蕙兰
Cymbidium faberi ‘Honghuilan’
蝶瓣花5~6cm
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(寒兰)青花飞瓣大舌
Cymbidium kanran ‘Qinghuafeibandashe’
彩心花3~4cm
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(墨兰)黄金塔
Cymbidium sinense ‘Huangjinta’
素心花4~5cm
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(墨兰)闽荷
Cymbidium sinense ‘Minhe’
彩心花4~5cm
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(墨兰)龙蝶
Cymbidium sinense ‘Longdie’
彩心花5~6cm
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(寒兰)金玉满堂
Cymbidium kanran ‘Jinyumantang’
彩心花4~5cm
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(墨兰)绿峰
Cymbidium sinense ‘Lüfeng’
彩心花4~5cm
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(墨兰)新娘
Cymbidium sinense‘Xinniang’
彩心花4~5cm
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(墨兰)桃姬
Cymbidium sinense ‘Taoji’
彩心花4~5cm
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(寒兰)红花宽瓣
Cymbidium kanran ‘Honghuakuanban’
彩心花4~5cm
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(墨兰)徽州墨
Cymbidium sinense ‘Huizhoumo’
彩心花5~6cm
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(墨兰)牛角墨
Cymbidium sinense ‘Niujiaomo’
彩心花5~6cm
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(墨兰)樱姬
Cymbidium sinense ‘Yingji’
彩心花4~5cm